Hague Visby Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Hague Visby Rules - Essay Example Consequently, exporters are bound by the rules. On the other hand, imports will only apply the Rules in the event that the goods came from countries governed by them. Exceptions will be made to parties that expressly agreed to the Rules in their bill of lading. This implies that when a carrier decides to ignore the use of a bill of lading, then he is not bound by the rules. Such a carrier has the mandate to introduce his own terms and conditions. Also, carriers my be exempt from the Rules when they choose to give a receipt instead of a bill of lading and in the event that they are operating between countries that are not bound by the Rules. This gives carriers undue advantage and can be a source of conflict. 2 There are certain limitations on the application of the rules that are not necessarily related to the bill of lading. For instance when the carrier is required to transport live animals, then he is not bound by the rules. Similarly, if the merchandise to be transported comprises of deck cargo, then parties are not obliged to apply the Hague Visby rules. Additionally, if a receipt rather than a contract was awarded, then the rules do not apply. The receipt must be a way bill i.e. it should be non negotiable. It should be noted that the Hague rules can apply to a given situation even when a bill of lading was not issued. ... Similarly, if the merchandise to be transported comprises of deck cargo, then parties are not obliged to apply the Hague Visby rules. Additionally, if a receipt rather than a contract was awarded, then the rules do not apply. The receipt must be a way bill i.e. it should be non negotiable. It should be noted that the Hague rules can apply to a given situation even when a bill of lading was not issued. The underlying need for a bill of lading is to indicate that a contract of carriage was present. Therefore other documents may replace the bill of lading and some of them include advertisements made by the carrier. Also a booking note may be taken as an indication of the contract of carriage alongside other documents that indicate to the shipper that a carrier is in operation. An example of these exemptions was in the case of Pyrene Company vs. Scindia Steam Navigation Company. 3 In this case, there was no bill of lading issued but it had been argued that the bill of lading was intended. It was based on the fact that the contract of carriage had been completed and a bill of lading would be given in the near future. It was held by the Canadian Supreme court that a limitation be paid by the offender given the fact that they contemplated introducing the bill of lading. Howev er, in circumstances where two parties intend on introducing a charter party, then the rules become irrelevant as seen in the case of Canada Steamship Co. vs. Desgagne. 4 The Hague rules apply to goods that have been received in reality. In the event that the goods have not been delivered, then the contract of carriage is invalid i.e. it will not commence. This means that no party can sue for damages for goods that

Public Policy Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Policy Issue - Research Paper Example It is essential for organization to embrace the virtue of â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† and this will enable them to comprehend the incentives that are crucial to the employees and locals. Part A: Issue Description Coca cola is a multinational that is aggressive in its objective of dominating the beverage production and dissemination market. Coca Cola is proceeding with its take over of competitive brands that are threatening its successful domination of the market. Evidently, the Coca Cola products are predominant in the beverage market in numerous countries including the US. The Coca Cola Corporation (US) is insistent on improving the healthcare arrangement to become inexpensive to employees (Geisel 1). Numerous organizations are dependent on the contribution of their employees in enhancing the productivity of their companies. The US authorities are pressurizing corporations to enhance the medical standards that govern the health procedures of individuals (O’ Connell 1). Some institutions are reluctant to integrate these policies in their programs citing it will increase their expenses and this will eat into their earnings. In addition, several institutions are instigating plans to structure health plans that will subsidize the medical expense of their employees. It is probable that this law can injure the profit margins of the institutions and this debate has been soaring with several institutions advocating for its revocation. However, it is vital to consider the tribulations that employees undergo in carrying on their duties and initiate policies that can mitigate the health hazards that will occur (O’Connell 1). Part B: Business Political Strategies Stakeholders Primary Coca cola Management Coca Cola Employees (US Branch) Secondary US Government US Citizens And Workforce I. Financial Strategy a. Political Consulting Our organization, the Coca Cola Corporation (US), will commence initiatives that will encompass the governments request for corporations to create affordable health packages for their employees. It is imperative for our organization to facilitate the formulation of tactics that will assist in the enhancement of healthcare (Geisel 1). This program will entail the intervention of the Governmental authorities to explain the financial structure of this health reform. Our responsibility is to impact positive elements in the dissemination of inexpensive health to individuals. This paper is discussing the influence of public guidelines and strategies that Coca Cola can adopt to ensure its organization is in cohesion with the requirement of the Public Policy Authorities. Our company acknowledges there has to be initiatives that will assist incorporation of the healthcare improvements. It is debated that reforming the employees health insurance is coherent and is representative of the privileges of staff (O’Connell 1). We will present our analysis of reforms that will be beneficial to the organ ization employees and illustrate the welfare prospects of our corporation. b. Economic Leverage The Coca Cola Corporation will liaise with a particular health provider that can offer favorable rates for the corporation’s employees (Geisel 1). This will diminish the expense of the cooperation in medical affairs since the hospitals will consider the special